A Momentary Flow

As people age, their brain tends to shrink and their memory gets worse. But what if this deterioration weren’t inevitable? New research suggests not only that some elderly individuals retain sharp memory skills but also that their brain remains unscathed. Although scientists do not yet know what is responsible for this special resiliency—or how to help people acquire it—a brain region involved in attention may offer an important clue. Researchers at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine identified 12 individuals older than 80 years—whom they called “Super Agers”—who performed as well on memory tests as a group of 14 volunteers between the ages of 50 and 65. The scientists performed structural MRI scans on both groups as well as a third group of normal subjects over the age of 80. Although the researchers expected the Super Agers’ brains to show some evidence of age-related decline, their average brain thickness matched that of the younger group, and both groups’ brains were significantly thicker than those of normal octogenarians.

Toni Balcean turned 101 in September. How’d she beat a century? Simple. “Clean living and good Italian wine.” Case closed! Unless, of course, you like science. A retooled Archon Genomics X PRIZE aims to help scientists better understand healthy aging by sequencing 100 healthy centenarian genomes—in a month, with an accuracy of one error per million base pairs, and for under $1,000 per genome. All this may sound eerily familiar. In fact, the Archon Genomics X PRIZE was first proposed back in 2006. Singularity Hub covered it in 2008 when the goal was to sequence 100 human genomes in 10 days for less than $10,000 per genome. Grant Campany, Senior Director of the Archon Genomics X PRIZE, recently told Singularity Hub, “From 2006 to 2009, competitors registered for the Archon Genomics X PRIZE with the best of intentions, but over the past few years the industry has fragmented significantly, so we needed to restructure the competition to be more inclusive of the emerging and established sequencing platforms.” So, in October 2011, the X PRIZE announced a new set of criteria. The payout remains $10 million; however, the Foundation upped the sequencing period to 30 days and made the target cost $1,000 to reflect rapidly declining sequencing prices.

A delicious feeling of smugness enveloped the idle at heart when we read that Britain’s oldest man, 110-year-old Reg Dean from Derbyshire, attributed his longevity to “being lazy”. Now I’m no biologist, but it seems to make a lot of sense that slow lives, as well as being enjoyable, are long lives. One only has to think of the example of the tortoise for proof of this theory from the animal world. That laziness might be good for your health is not a particularly fashionable view in an age when slothful Britons are castigated by politicians who praise the “hard-working family”, and schools and cereal packets alike push “healthy lifestyles”. Meanwhile we have had to suffer the spectacle of the Olympian ideal this summer, with vast parades of hyper-fit athletes bringing guilt to we slugabeds. The active life is the dominant model to which we are supposed to conform. But the active life is full of stress. It puts enormous pressures on our bodies. Long hours in the office lead to anxiety, depression and even nervous breakdown. And an excess of physical activity can be dangerous: four men died while taking part in the Great North Run, a half marathon, in September.

Researchers have long been studying the connection between health and the five major personality traits: agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness. A large body of research links neuroticism with poorer health and conscientiousness with superior health. Now openness, which measures cognitive flexibility and the willingness to entertain novel ideas, has emerged as a lifelong protective factor. The linchpin seems to be the creativity associated with the personality trait—creative thinking reduces stress and keeps the brain healthy. A study published in the June issue of the Journal of Aging and Health found that higher openness predicted longer life, and other studies this year have linked that trait with lower metabolic risk, higher self-rated health and more appropriate stress response.